Which type of observation is referred to by the term "covert observation"?

Covert observation refers to the practice of observing individuals in a way that does not draw attention to the observer's presence. This method allows the observer to gather genuine and unfiltered behavioral data, as individuals are often less likely to alter their behavior when they are unaware of being watched. By "hiding the observer's presence," the data collected can reflect a more accurate representation of normal behavior since subjects are less likely to modify their actions in response to being observed.

In contrast, other types of observation involve being visibly present, which can influence the behavior of those being observed. For example, interacting and asking questions can evoke specific responses that may not reveal true behaviors. Observing without notes might restrict the observer's ability to retain important details, while overtly watching the child may lead to behaviors that are not representative of usual activity, as children may act differently when they are aware they are being observed. Thus, the essence of covert observation lies in its unobtrusive nature, allowing for a clearer view of actual behaviors.